• limited liability company (SIA)
• joint stock company (A/S)
• branch office
• representative office

SIA (Ltd) private limited liability company's specifics:

• the most common business type in Latvia
• minimum share capital is €2850, at least half to be paid up
• minimum number of directors is one
• no restrictions on foreign shareholders
• accounts to be maintained in line with statutory requirements

A/S joint stock company's specifics:

• popular format for larger companies that wish to raise public capital
• minimum share capital is €35,572 which must be fully paid up before registration
• two-tier system comprising management and supervisory boards
• accounts to be audited and filed with authorities

The main features of a branch office:

• foreign-owned branch taxed at same rate as Latvian company
• reporting and audit requirements are same as for Latvian companies
• profits can be repatriated without withholding tax
• dividends transferred abroad are subject to 10% withholding tax

The main features of a representative office:

•  representative offices are not allowed to trade or do business
•  they are only permitted to advertise and promote their company
•  regarded as an effective low-cost means of establishing a presence

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